| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| symbol | shorthand way to write the names of elements |
| Rules for writing symbols | Uppercase-first letter, second letter lowercase, must be printed |
| Where do symbols come from? | Some are the Latin, Greek or German names of the elements |
| periodic table | a table of elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number |
| periodic means | repeats at regular intervals |
| Who was Dmitri Mendeleev? | Russian chemist who organized 63 known elements |
| How are elements arranged in periodic table? | increasing atomic number |
| atomic number indicates the number of ____ | protons |
| Modern periodic law | the chemical properties repeat in a way that allows them to be arranged in columns and rows |
| What are groups or families of elements? | vertical column with similar chemical properties |
| How are the groups or families named? | After the first element in group |
| What is the name for group V A? | Nitrogen |
| What is the name for group VI A? | Oxygen |
| What is the special name for group VII A? | halogens |
| What is the name for group O? | noble or inert gases |
| Elements in a group all have ____ | the same number of electrons in the outer energy level |
| What are periods or series of elements? | horizontal rows |
| What do all elements in a period have in common? | the same number of energy levels |
| Location of an element in the table generally indicates the _____ of element it is | type |
| Four groups into which elements can be classified depending on the number of electrons in the outermost shell | metals, non-metals, metalloids, noble gases |
| Where are metals located on the periodic table? | left side of the staircase |
| How many electrons do metals have in the outermost energy level? | 1, 2, 3 |
| What do metals tend to do with electrons? | Lose them to non-metals |
| Ion | charged particle |
| valence | outer energy level of electrons |
| When metals lose their electrons, what type of charge do their ions have? | +1, +2, +3 |
| Where are the most active metals found? | lower left corner |
| Why are the metals in the lower left corner most active? | They are furthest from the nucleus,least attracted by their own nucleus, and easily pulled away by another |
| Name the most active metal | Francium (Fr) |
| Metals are good conductors of which two forms of energy? | heat and electricity |
| Where are non-metals located in the periodic table? | to the right of the staircase |
| How many electrons do nonmetals have in the outermost energy level? | 4, 5, 6, or 7 |
| How many electrons do nonmetals tend to gain? | 1, 2, 3 |
| From what type of elements do they gain the electrons? | metals |
| When nonmetals gain electrons, what type of charges do their ions have? | -1, -2, -3 |
| Where are the most active nonmetals found? | upper right corner (excluding noble gases) |
| Why are the upper right corner nonmetals the most active? | the outer electrons are nearest to the nucleus thus additional electrons are attracted by their nucleus most easily |
| Name the most active nonmetal. | Fluorine (F) |
| Are nonmetals good conductors of heat and electricity? | no |
| metalloid | elements with some properties of both metals and nonmetals |
| Where are metalloids found? | along the staircase |
| Name the seven metalloids | B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po |
| Metalloids are conductors, insulator or semi-conductors. | Semi-conductors |
| What is a semi-conductor? | a substance that conducts electricity better than an insulator, but not as well as a conductor |
| What are noble gases? | Atoms with a full outer energy level which seldom enters into chemical reactions |
| Where are the noble gases located on periodic table? | group O or VIIIA- column furthest to the right |
| How many electrons do noble gases have in their outermost energy level? | 8 except He with 2 |
| Noble gases (do or do not) have electrical balance? | do- equal number of protons and electrons |
| Noble gases (do, do not) have a need to react | do not |
| 2/3 of elements on periodic table are classified as ____. | metals |
| Electron configuration | number of electrons in each energy level |